Seasonal Affective Disorder in Kids

The dark and grey days of winter can affect anyone’s mood. If the down feelings are frequent and last more than 2 weeks, this may be Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a type of depression related to the shorter and darker days of fall and winter. While most common in teens and adults, SAD may also occur in children.

Decreased sunlight can cause the brain to make less of the chemical serotonin which helps to regulate mood. The increased darkness can result in excessive production by the brain of melatonin which helps to regulate sleep.  The result is feeling down, sluggish, and tired. Sleep problems may occur, including difficulty falling and staying asleep. This can then result in trouble waking up and oversleeping.

Mood changes such as irritability, negative thinking, and a lack of interest in what used to give pleasure are common with SAD. There may also be less interest in friends, socializing, and going out in general. Decreased appetite or changes in eating patterns are not unusual. If SAD is severe, there can be a deeper depression with thoughts of self-harm.

The ideal treatment for SAD is sunshine and more daylight, which is why it resolves in spring and summer. Until then, getting adequate exercise, especially outside (even in suboptimal weather) is helpful. If there are sunny days, encourage your kiddo to get out and enjoy it- better yet, go out together even if you have to bundle up due to cold temperatures.

 It is important to follow a regular schedule for sleep, which means no naps and no screen activities for the hour before bed. Even on the weekend, limit ‘sleeping in’ to no more than an extra hour or two because it can throw off the sleep schedule. If your child is struggling due to SAD, listen to how they are feeling, show support, and brainstorm together things that night help.

A UV light box (also called a sun lamp) is often recommended for SAD as it mimics natural sunlight and gives the brain better cues for healthy serotonin and melatonin production. Studies show that light boxes are effective if they provide 10,000 lux (‘light power’) and are used for at least 30 minutes each morning.  They are considered safe though it is important not to look directly at the light.  Check with your child’s provider to make sure light therapy is appropriate for your kiddo.

If symptoms are not improving despite the above suggestions, or last into spring and summer, your child’s provider should be consulted. If at any time your child has severe depression or thoughts of self-harm, seek care immediately.